geology-A measure of earthquake size based on
Question 1
A measure of earthquake size based on the amount of energy released during the earthquake.
a.
intensity
b.
focus
c.
magnitude
d.
epicenter
1 points
Question 2
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The point of initial breaking or rupturing within the Earth.
a.
scarp
b.
epicenter
c.
focus
d.
subticenter
e.
magnitude
1 points
Question 3
Which of the following is not included in determining the moment magnitude of an earthquake?
a.
the rigidity of the rocks along the fault
b.
how intense the shaking felt to people near the epicenter
c.
an estimate of the area along the fault that ruptured
d.
the amount of movement along the fault
1 points
Question 4
What is the name of the earthquake magnitude scale that is used today by seismologists?
a.
Seismograph Scale
b.
Moment Magnitude Scale
c.
Richter Scale
d.
Modified Mercalli Scale
1 points
Question 5
A magnitude 7 earthquake produces approximately _____ times more ground motion (shaking) than a magnitude 6 earthquake.
a.
2
b.
100
c.
10
d.
32
1 points
Question 6
A magnitude 7 earthquake releases ______ times more energy than a magnitude 6 earthquake.
a.
10
b.
100
c.
2
d.
32
e.
7
1 points
Question 7
The Modified Mercalli Scale measures all of the following except __________.
a.
the amount of damage that occurred within homes
b.
the amount of movement along a fault plane
c.
the extent of damage to buildings and human-made structures
d.
how people perceived the shaking
1 points
Question 8
Which of the following statements regarding the 2001 Nisqually earthquake in Washington and the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California is TRUE?
a.
They had approximately the same magnitude and the same intensity
b.
They had approximately the same magnitude but different intensity
c.
They had approximately the same intensity but different magnitude
1 points
Question 9
If the motion on a geologic fault is such that the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall, then the fault is called a ___________.
a.
Transform fault
b.
Footwall fault
c.
Normal fault
d.
Reverse fault
e.
Strike-slip fault
1 points
Question 10
Scientists classify a particular fault to be an “active fault” if it has moved during the past __________ years.
a.
2 million
b.
20
c.
10,000
d.
100
1 points
Question 11
Which seismic waves travel the fastest?
a.
Surface waves
b.
P waves
c.
Love waves
d.
Rayleigh waves
e.
S waves
1 points
Question 12
The written record of seismic waves is called a _____________.
a.
Seismogram
b.
Seismograph
c.
Seismoline
d.
Seismoplot
1 points
Question 13
Which of the following near-surface earth materials will amplify ground shaking the most? (This material will greatly increase the intensity of shaking.)
a.
Water-saturated silt and mud
b.
alluvium
c.
hard igneous rocks
d.
sedimentary rocks
1 points
Question 14
Which of the following statements regarding strain is MOST accurate?
a.
strain is deformation that results from stress
b.
strain and stress are two words that mean the same thing
c.
stress is deformation that results from strain
d.
stress and strain are both caused by elastic rebound
1 points
Question 15
Which of the following statements about earthquakes is NOT true?
a.
strong earthquakes can occur in locations far from plate boundaries (i.e. Missouri, South Carolina)
b.
earthquake are not randomly distributed
c.
earthquakes occur along all three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform
d.
most of the world’s largest earthquakes (> M 9) occur along transform plate boundaries
Question 1
A surface rupture along a fault that creates a small step or low cliff is called __________.
a.
fault liquefaction
b.
fault stairs
c.
an earthquake divide
d.
a fault chasm
e.
a fault scarp
1 points
Question 2
Why was the 1994 Northridge earthquake so much more costly than the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake?
a.
The Northridge earthquake was a larger magnitude earthquake
b.
The Northridge earthquake was associated with a major tsunami
c.
The Northridge earthquake produced more intense shaking
d.
The Northridge earthquake was in a more populated area with more buildings, thus there was more to damage
1 points
Question 3
During an earthquake, intense shaking may cause water-saturated sand to change rapidly from solid to a liquid (“quick sand”). What is this process called?
a.
scarp
b.
resonance
c.
ground acceleration
d.
liquefaction
1 points
Question 4
During the 1964 Prince William Sound Earthquake there was significant regional ground deformation. What was the maximum vertical uplift experienced in this area?
a.
2.4 feet
b.
8 feet
c.
10 feet
d.
18 feet
e.
30 feet
f.
40 feet
1 points
Question 5
What earthquake effect led to the formation of “earthquakes lakes” and serious flood hazards in China in 2008?
a.
dam failure
b.
landslides
c.
regional changes in land elevation
d.
liquefaction
e.
fires
1 points
Question 6
Approximately 80% of damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by ________________.
a.
landslides
b.
fires
c.
liquefaction
d.
disease outbreak
1 points
Question 7
Landslides generated by the 1994 Northridge earthquake resulted in _______________.
a.
liquefaction
b.
an outbreak of valley fever
c.
the release of poisonous gases
d.
burial of nearly 200 homes
e.
widespread flooding and the formation of new lakes
1 points
Question 8
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that humans have caused earthquakes?
a.
speeding plate motion by heating the ground
b.
injecting liquids (waste water) into underground fractures
c.
creating underground nuclear explosions
d.
adding extra weight to the crust (building a dam)
1 points
Question 9
We now have the ability to predict the size (within 1 order of magnitude) and the timing (within 3 days) of future earthquakes.
True
False
1 points
Question 10
What is the probability of at least one magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region occurring before 2032?
a.
14%
b.
21%
c.
27%
d.
50%
e.
62%
1 points
Question 11
Most large earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks that become progressively larger in the days leading up to the powerful major shock.
True
False
1 points
Question 12
One method of short-term earthquake prediction involves looking for ____________, sections along active fault zones that have the potential to produce large earthquakes but have not produced one recently.
a.
seismic gaps
b.
microearthquakes
c.
stratigraphy
d.
resistivity
e.
paleoseismicity
1 points
Question 13
Warning systems that detect the first ground motion caused by an earthquake have the potential to provide about a ___________ warning before the arrival of damaging earthquake waves.
a.
1 minute
b.
15 minute
c.
30 minute
d.
1 hour
e.
3 hour
1 points
Question 14
Which of the following building materials is most likely to collapse during an earthquake? (This material is the most dangerous as it will not withstand ground shaking.)
a.
reinforced concrete buildings
b.
unreinforced concrete buildings
c.
wood framed buildings
1 points
Question 15
If you are in your home and suddenly feel a large earthquake, what should you do?
a.
go stand in the nearest doorway
b.
get outside as quickly as possible
c.
take cover under a sturdy desk or table
d.
all of the above are equally good things to do